204 Week 1 Individual Paper Essays

The Statute of the Man in the Modern Catholic Anthropology Essay

The Statute of the Man in the Modern Catholic Anthropology Conceptual: In what follows, I inspect the renaissance of the possibility of opportunity as a central proportion of humankind in crafted by Karol Voitila (Pope John Paul II). I look at too Karol Voitila's idea of the human individual as found in his work Love and Responsibility just as the encyclical Evangelium vitae, which confirms the unique estimation of the human individual. I additionally think about the heavenly fate of the human individual as talked about in the archives of the Second Vatican Council. The common rationale in the way of thinking of the Renaissance and the next hundreds of years is the assertion of human freedom and respect on an incredible base on the Earth, the accentuation on the inborn human taking a stab at food, joy and freedom, for general flawlessness and sum of the human instinct, for natural solidarity between the otherworldly and the physical. I can not differ with Erih Fromm, who underscores that even in the late Middle Ages the Catholic regulations, and the way of thinking of the Renaissance later, express the inclination to recognizing the job of the human will and human effort - the Catholicism is in concordance with the soul, that rules in the social gatherings, which financial status presents to them the sentiment of solidarity and freedom. The Renaissance thought of opportunity as an essential proportion of human instinct completes in reasoning like Sheller and Sartr with apotheosis of the demonstration and the consistent decision. Butt the opportunity as a demonstration is all the while a human capacity of selfmaster, personal growth, controlling the mean interests and thought processes. Opportunity is likewise the capacity to be faithful to ourselves and to our convictions, to arrive at the genuine creation where th... ...izons. (See À㠭㠲㠳ã ã ­ Úã 㠧ã 㠭㠮㠢ã . Â㠲㠮㠰㠮ã © Âã 㠲㠨㠪ã 㠭㠱㠪㠮ã © à ±Ã£ ®Ã£ ¡Ã£ ®Ã£ °. ÃÅ"㠮㠱㠪㠢ã , 1973, à ±Ã£ ²Ã£ °. 241-242). On the off chance that we attempt to make a rundown of the proposed in the Pastoral Constitution origination of the man, brought about by the difficulties off the skepticism, the best of which is the general nonappearance of any longing of after life, we could state, that this origination, even with the components of concretness and sociality is an origination of the credible, interminable man. That implies that our considerations must be coordinated to the external world, which exceeds expectations the genuine history and keeps on being the supernatural information source, the storage facility of the good and social models, which forever keep their position. (See Op. Cit, p. 244). Also, their solidness is adapted by our association with God, which is currently made genuine due to the intervention of Jesus Christ and the present development of man in Jesus Christ.....

Some Top Topics That You Should Include In Your Persuasive Essay

Some Top Topics That You Should Include In Your Persuasive EssayPersuasive essay writing can only be done when you come up with a way to present some of the most important topics that are needed in your content. In this article, I will be discussing some of the top topics that have the potential to influence and persuade people. By presenting these topics in a persuasive manner, it will be easier for you to write a persuasive essay.People have different opinions on the subject. It is not always wise to simply let these opinions take control of the content. You should always remember that the opinions of others are also valid. It is one thing to express how you feel and another thing to let those feelings rule over the content.If you would like to be able to give the best possible perspective on the topic, you should always ask the help of other people who may have had similar experiences. They will be able to help you present your views on the topic in a better way. In addition, you will also get a better understanding of the concept of the topic.Everyone has their own ideas about the topic and how to reach the overall idea. You should always remember that this is something that is important for everyone to consider. Before you begin the topic, you should first consider what people want to know and want to learn. Through this, you will be able to ensure that your topic is related to the needs of the readers.Writing an article does not just end there. If you would like to make sure that your content is still persuasive and interesting, you should always give more information about the topic. You should never be afraid to provide more information to the readers, because you want them to continue reading. The more the readers continue to read, the more chances that they will feel that you have provided enough information about the topic.Thekey is to make sure that you provide the readers with the most crucial points. Through this, you will be able to convince them that you have the best perspective about the topic. Remember that if the readers find your topic interesting, they will more likely to recommend it to others.The important topics that you can include in your content are those that will give the most impact on the reader. Always remember that these topics are the ones that will prove that you have the most influence over the topic. If you do not provide enough information on a topic, the readers will not be able to reach any type of conclusion about the topic.When writing a persuasive essay, you should never forget to include some of the top topics that you think are important. It will be beneficial for you to get the input of others about the topics that you will be including in your content. Through this, you will be able to come up with the most persuasive content that will be able to capture the attention of the readers. Always remember that the best way to ensure that you get the most benefits out of writing a persuasive essay is to gain the input of others.

Importance Of Coffee Essay - 1376 Words

Coffee: the average American’s boost of energy in the morning. As a typical American student, I find it difficult to get through the day without my cup of jo. I need the caffeine to jump-start my morning. The only problem I’m facing, is deciding which type of coffee is the best for me. Do I go with a dark roast, light roast, medium roast? The options are endless. Which type is the best for my budget? Which type will give me the caffeine I need? To answer these questions, I set out on a quest to research the best type of coffee for me. History Coffee has been around for a lot longer than most people believe. The National Coffee Association (NCA) states it has been around since the early fifteenth century. It has always been more of a†¦show more content†¦This roasting process brings out the flavor of the coffee beans. Without it, coffee would taste similar to a plant instead of the drink all Americans know and love. There are four different types of roasts: light, medium, medium-dark, and dark. The National Coffee Association describes the light roast as a pale brown color, a milder taste compared to a dark roast, and, on the surface of the beans themselves, there is no oil present. The medium roast is an medium brown color with a stronger flavor than the light roast. It’s commonly referred to as the â€Å"American Roast† because it is preference of most Americans. With a rich, dark color and a bittersweet aftertaste, the medium dark roast is a step up from the medium roast. Its beans, unlike the lig ht roast beans, are slightly oily on the surface. Dark roasts are the strongest out of the four kinds. To create these, roasters use shiny black beans, and roast them until they have an oily surface. The taste of this roast is far stronger than any of the other roasts; this creates a bitter and less acidic taste (National Coffee Institute). Because I love the taste of coffee, but strong coffee is too powerful for me, my best option is to go with a medium roast. Most people in the United States prefer this roast, so I can’t go wrong. Caffeine Content Each type of coffee has a different amount of caffeine in it. The content depends on the bean and coffee leaf beingShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Of The Amazon Forest1563 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction It’s likely that the paper that this essay is printed on was produced in the Amazon forest, processed in a South American Factory and shipped on a German made ship to different countries. This is just one aspect of Globalisation. More globally globalisation reflects interconnectivity of markets, people and culture around the word. Today’s world is interconnected like never before, and corporations are trading, expanding, and employing across the continents. Multinational businesses areRead MorePrinciples of the Human Relations Movement1504 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, â€Å"the importance of informal social factors in the work place such as co-worker relationships and group norms that influence employee motivation and performance is highlighted† (Macky Johnson, 2003, p.82) under the ‘Human Relations Movement’. This essay will discuss how the Human Relations Movement has been adapted and carried out successfull y in New Zealand by the restaurant chain, Starbucks Coffee. By focusing on the principles of maintaining a socialisedRead MoreThe Financial Function with Starbucks814 Words   |  4 PagesThe year was 1971 when three partners opened the first Starbucks. The business started out as a local roaster and retailer of whole bean and ground coffee and as the business grew they took inspiration from the Italian coffeehouse tradition. The Italian coffeehouses are a place for conversation and a sense of community, a stop between home and work. This experience was something Starbucks wanted to bring to the United States. They had found their niche. Following this, Starbucks grew quickly andRead MoreHorizontal Differentiation in the Uk Coffe-Shop Market1651 Words   |  7 PagesHorizontal Differentiation in the UK Coffee Shop Market â€Å"In the presence of horizontal product differentiation, there is a tension between the desire to weaken price competition and the desire for increased market share.† Explain this statement. Critically evaluate its implications for corporate decision-making regarding the specification of products by analysing, in the context of real-world industry of your choice, the product specification chosen to serve the same market by each of two or moreRead MoreGlobal Analysis Of Starbucks And Starbucks1401 Words   |  6 PagesCorporation has successfully flooded the globe with their coffee. Currently, there are 20,519 Starbucks stores globally, serving a total 65 countries . In order to provide coffee to such a large number of stores and maintain a steady profit, Starbucks must source their coffee beans from 27 different countries. This essay will aim to show that globalisation has provided many benefits to the workers and host-nations of the Starbucks coffee bean production and h as forced a greater control on environmentalRead MoreNotes On Commodities And Consumption1728 Words   |  7 Pagesoutside of the US, and write an essay by conducting research using sources such as use information directly from the store or company, academic articles/books, the Internet and personal interviews. The essay will answer questions about the location of commodity, the corporate entity that controls the production and distribution of that commodity, labour and the conditions of labour engaged in producing commodity, environmental consequences of the commodity and the importance of commodity in our lives atRead MoreEssay on The Coffee Shop Industry: Internal and External Perspectives1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe coffee shop industry has become a target for investors due to the increasing consumption and thus demands for coffee. The UK has seen a 7.5% growth rate in 2012 despite being a tea-oriented society (Hospital amp; Catering News, 2013). Although there is a low barri er of entry into the cafà © and coffee industry, there a myriad of factors that needs to be taken into consideration in order for a new entrant to survive in the already crowded market, including large coffeehouse chains such as StarbucksRead MoreEmployment Relations at Starbucks Corporation1875 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity. The purpose of this essay is twofold. First the essay will identify and critically examine the roles of the key players in an employment relationship. Next, the essay will examine to what extent good management practice contributes to the roles of the key players in the relationship. In order to accomplish these tasks I have chosen the company Starbucks to analyze and give meaning to these arguments. This essay will attempt to accomplish other tasks as well. This essay will explain the currentRead More Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesorganisation depends† (Johnson, Schools and Whittington, N.D cited in March, 2012). There are many purposes for this essay, the first purpose is to descried the key principles of corporate social responsibility and explain their importance for stakeholders. Secondly, is to show how far this company follows those principles in order to be accountable to at least three of its stakeholders. In this essay, three stakeholders, environment, customers and employees will be evaluated respectively and the key principlesRead MoreMarketing Analysis : International Marketing1749 Words   |  7 Pagesis creating his/her own brand. If marketing tools are used correctly in a business environment, it can show tremendous improvements in revenues thus creating positive impacts on a business’s profitability. This essay is targeted to non-marketing business individual to explain the importance of understanding marketing and it’s meaning, the essence of understanding the fundamental principles of marketing mix elements, branding and segmentation and its essence in running a business in a more effective

Analysis Of Jean Jacques Rousseau And Denis Diederot s...

Abstract This paper exams one of the prevailing themes of the role of nature in education, as depicted through the lens of Jean-Jaques Rousseau’s in Emile, or On Education, and Denis Diederot’s, Rameau’s Nephew. The misdirected view of women’s education and the over utilization of reason and logic to justify moral behavior neglects to see the multidisciplinary thought on education. My perspective offers insight into how there are several contradictions in the texts that highlight the importance of holistic education for men and women. Introduction One of the principal characteristics of Jean Jacques Rousseau and Denis Diederot is the recognition of nature’s role in education. They believed that a virtuous man is governed and directed by the laws of his own nature rather than those of social institutions. They both acknowledge that experience, failure, and catastrophes are a part of a larger purpose that is ultimately beneficial to man. Rousseau describes his methods in Emile, the story of a boy’s upbringing in natural state, and child-centered pedagogy. Diederot makes essentially the same point in Rameau’s Nephew, where a combative conversation depicts the negative effects of the social order as depicted by He, and how I’s thoughts concern his nature as a thinking being. The sentiment of nature as a significant participant in education resonates throughout the text, but neglects to include women as a beneficiary of said education or recognize society as a major

Oedipus, the King Summary Essay Example For Students

Oedipus, the King Summary Essay Sophocles Oedipus, the King is a great representation of Greek tragedy and of the human experience. Within it, he explores the intricacies of human thinking and communication along with its ability to change as more information and knowledge is acquired. His primary focus as the story begins and progresses is the growth of Oedipus from an unintelligible and unenlightened mentality to its antithesis. Because the story was one familiar to most of its viewers in its time, there are certain things that they are expected to already know. Among them is the background to the legend. Most generally it was that it was prophesied that Laios and Jocasta, king and queen of Thebes, would give birth to a child who would grow up to murder his father and marry his mother. And, fearing the dreadful prophecy, that the parents nailed their first sons feet together (thus the name Oedipus, which means swollen-foot) and left him to die on a lonely moun-tainside outside the city. Moreover, that he was found by a wandering shepherd who took him to the nearby city of Corinth where he was adopted by the childless King Polybos and Queen Merope who raised him as a son and prince in the royal household. Then, when he was a young adult and first heard the prophecy, that he assumed that it applied to Polybos and Merope, the only parents he had ever known, and had fled Corinth and wandered around Greece where he met a group of travelers and killed an old man who, unknown to him, was his real father, King Laios. Then, when he arrived at Thebes, he met the Sphinx, a monster who guarded the gates of the city and correctly answered its riddle and was rewarded with the title of king of Thebes and was given the hand of the re-cently widowed queen, Jocasta. The true horror in his life begins here because he has four children with her, An-tigone, Ismene, Eteocles, and Polyneices and fulfills the prophecy. The story begins after some time after Oedipus has taken the throne and when there is a mysterious plague that sweeps the city. Here, he learns from the priest that the sacred oracle says that the plague will be re-moved only when Laios murderer is discovered. Consequently, he sends Creon, his brother-in-law, to Delphi to consult the oracles and find out the identity of the murderer. On his return and relation of the news, he discovers his identity and of his parents and discovers his sins. In his despair, he blinds himself, and Jocasta hangs herself. He is exiled and Creon takes the throne of Thebes. During this entire fray of mindsbetween Tiresias and Oedipus, Creon and Oedipus, and otherscertain idiosyncrasies of Oedipus are brazenly revealed. Among them, in the beginning, is his short temperament and quick judgment of situations as, for example, his confrontation of Creon after he had sent Tiresias away. He is quick to think that Creon conspired against him although he had no proof. However, by the end of the novel, he is humbled by his discovery of his sins and becomes a more enlightened man through his discovery of his ignorance of the realities of his world and his realization that there is no escaping destiny.

Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention Essay Example

Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention Essay Drug Abuse Essay A drug is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating, performance enhancing or other effects when taken or put into a human body or the body of another animal and is not considered a food or exclusively a food. I chose drugs that impact me a lot. It’s a sad fact that drugs are being abused among people not only in our country but also it is practiced by others especially the teenagers in our generation maybe because the lack of attention of parents to children or the friends were bad influence, but I believe it’s not excuse to be involved in such a situation like this. It is the choice of an individual whether he/she will be influenced by or follow what others do to make their lives miserable. Drug abuse is what I would consider a pretty severe problem we have here in the Philippines. There are many different types of drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, and heroine to just list a few. These drugs are all fairly simple to produce. Teenage drug abuse Teenagers use drugs because they want to fit in. No one wants to be the only one not participating. No one wants to be left out. So sometimes they make bad decisions, like taking drugs, to cover-up their insecurities. * Because they want to escape or relax. * Because they think it makes them seem grown-up. * Because they want to rebel. Sometimes people turn to drugs not so much for themselves, but to make a statement against someone else, such as their families or society in general. * Because they are curious. Adolescents are curious about having new experiences. Seeing someone doing drugs makes them more curious to know how drugs will make them feel. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is important that kids are kept away from this type of environment. * Because of the Peer Pressure * Emotional pressure. Loneliness and depression raise emotional pressure, and some teens seek a chemical solution to this problem. * Because they are bored Often-bored-teen are 50 percent more likely than not often bored teens to smoke, drink, and use illegal drugs. Teens who cant talk to their parents are more likely to feel isolated, and use drugs. * Because they want attention. Ways to prevent drug abuse The reasons above should never be an excuse to abuse ourselves. While it’s practically impossible to prevent anyone and everyone from using drugs, there are things we can all do to avoid drug and/or alcohol abuse. By sharing this knowledge with those closest to you, you yourself may be able to prevent them from doing drugs, too. Good communication with all family members, especially with our parents would be one of the effective ways for us not to sort on taking drugs when it comes to dealing with our problems.

Free Essay on Eugenics

Free Essay on Eugenics Free Essay on Eugenics Eugenics focused on the idea that the heredity was everything. How relevant is such a perspective in relation to criminality today? This paper focuses on aspects of eugenics as an element that has for a long time in history been considered as paramount in controlling human reproduction. The paper addressed the various eugenic practice in the late 19th century and early 20th century, as well as in the contemporary world, particularly in the western hemisphere. The main reasons why certain human racial groups embrace the use of this practice are also addressed. The relevance of eugenics to the various societies used, in relation to criminality today, are widely discussed in this paper. Eugenics is a scheme that is widely used to enhance an improved human race through a controlled reproduction. This is a practice that became common, reaching much popularity between the late 19th century and the Second World War (Glass 1999, p. 89). A good example of the wide use of eugenic principles was when the German Nazis carried massive sterilization and genocide. Other eugenics forms have been practiced across the universe and are effective in contemporary China, where the population is strictly limited. Major advancements research in medicine such as the human genome project, the society, is still striving to resolve various issues of ethics emerging from eugenic theories (Glass 1999, p. 89). Eugenics is the practice and theory that has been used to improve the generic quality of the human population; it is a social philosophy which advocates genetic traits of humanity, by promoting higher reproduction of individuals with certain desired traits and reducing people of less desired traits (Weikart 2006, p. 57). Positive eugenics encourage higher reproduction of individuals while negative eugenics is viewed as an undermining factor to humanity, because individuals perceived to belong to such category face the risk of being killed as a way of elimination. In the 20th century, ideologies resulting from negative Eugenics led to mass genocide of the Jews during the Hitler’s regime. Elimination of individuals in regard to traits of race and ethnicity has commonly been used in mass murder of certain populations in Europe and North America (Weikart 2006, p. 57). For instance, the genocide of the native Indians in the North American regions is a good example of racial profili ng emerging from eugenic ideologies. Eugenics considered the heredity as everything and many individuals did not want certain traits to be passed to the succeeding generation. Certain traits were considered inferior by some groups and faced the risk of being eliminated. In the early 20th century, social Darwinist viewed medical care as relatively weak and an increased ability to survive, contrary to letting nature take its due course of effective elimination of people (Weikart 2006, p. 57). In Germany, fear was growing among certain individuals that the intervention of medics and welfare policies enabled weak and relatively improvised citizens to sap and survive the nation’s resources. Such ideologies emerging from particular sub-racial groups in Germany expressed how eugenics were considered as everything. Most groups who supported such ideologies felt that the weaker racial or ethnic groups, did not have any right to use the country’s resources (Weikart 2006, p. 57). From one region to another, the mode of reaching the conclusion that a group was inferior highly varied. Support for eugenics in the early 20th century was common across various regions of the world, especially in North America and Europe. There were movements across diverse regions in support of eugenics, openly supporting more birth rates of the fittest individuals and less for the unfit (Ferguson, 2012, p. 83). People who supported the weak or unfit population groups in the society were highly criticized and the term â€Å"racial hygiene† was introduced to encourage aspects of eugenics. For instance, a movement leader in the United States, Margaret Sanger declared more children from the fit and less for the unfit as the key issue of controlled birth rate (Ferguson, 2012, p. 83). This concept by Sanger was readily accepted by communities across the US during the first decade of the 20th century. By 1912, a total of 34 states in the US had already passed laws that rightly denied insane people the right of marriage. Nine states denied epileptic people the right of marriage while 15 states banned the mentally challenged people from marrying each other. Criminal justice of this period continued to be greatly motivated by both economic and social considerations in their arguments that, various feeble minded citizens would not be allowed to pass their undesirable traits to the generation that followed (KüHl 2002, p. 49). Eugenic ideologies became more common throughout the period before the Second World War. Western Europe was characterized by similar eugenic ideologies with criminal justices of various European countries completely in support of such eugenic reasoning. The criminal justice systems of various countries during this time, supported groups thought to be fit by the authorities (Turda Weindling 2006, 107). The unfit groups were not protected by the judges and did not have the rights of marriage in most cases. The proponents of eugenics commonly played a major role in nationalistic fears of diluted stock of race. In Europe, issues of race were used in eugenic profiling barring various sub racial groups in the region from multiplying. The US mainly held eugenic ideologies in regard to common disabilities such as mental and physical challenges. Prior to the Second World War, leading physicians and biologists welcomed an idea by Hitler, one race at the epitome of the new state of Germany (Marrus 1989, p. 90). This resulted into concentration camps as well as genetic research on human beings that defined the Holocaust. The contemporary eugenic ideologies The early 20th century foresaw hundred thousand of Americans who were considered unfit, forcibly being sterilized for what was dubbed as a process of improving the human race. The Criminal Justice in one of its darkest historical chapters sanctioned the process declaring that three generations of unfit Americans were enough. It was not surprising for many Americans during this time to deem the communities they considered unfit or weak, as nothing of the kind. Such communities lived as the most vulnerable group in the region. This is one of the darkest chapters of the United States, which was prevalently characterized by major offensive of the community as well as the Criminal Justice (Thomson 1998, p. 102). The west coast state of California had higher cases of eugenic laws showing higher levels of racial profiling in the America’s History. In the last few decades, eugenic ideologies are still common among individuals and criminal justice of the US, though at a mild rate. According to revelations by a new report compiled by the Centre of Investigative reporting, it was found that between 2006 and 2010 elements of eugenics took place in a health care Centre, in California (Bauman 2013, p. 44). In this report, doctors working under contract at the Californian Correction and Rehabilitation department were alleged to have sterilized at least 150 female inmates without any approval from relevant authorities. In order to sterilize such people, it required approvals from the top medical official in the Sacramento, as required by the Californian state law. These are shocking revelations at a time when most people thought issues of eugenic did not matter anymore (Bauman 2013, p. 44). The revelation is a true testimony that, in the contemporary America, eugenics are still considered as highly important among certain individuals. Issues of controlled birth rates are highly popular in the western societies. Although issues of eugenic ideologies are not much rampant in the region, there are groups that are racially discriminated and face the risk of being sterilized contrary to their wish. Many health professionals in the western societies argue; the cost of being sterilized is relatively small as compared to the cost of rearing a larger number of children. Doctors in the United States are occasionally reported having been engaged in sterilizing procedures of prisoners, especially female inmates (Bauman 2013, p. 44). In most cases, these doctors inquire about the size of inmates’ families before performing sterilizing procedures. Most targeted prisoners were pressured to have various tubal ligations. Inmates with numerous children were sterilized as medics expressed their procedures was only meant to empower the prisoners to have manageable families. In the United States, individuals with many children find it difficult financing the upbringing of the large number of children. For inmates, having a large number of children is seen as a burden to the society, as children need somebody to take care of them (Hasian 1996, p. 68). Issues of eugenics ideologies on the inmate communities are commonly reported across different states of the US. Most of these medics do not seek approval of the state as it is taken as a noble act. More plausible explanations by various professional doctors who have been performing sterilizations, state sterilization as a procedure is commonly done to many people who volunteer to have themselves sterilized. These doctors feel taking the collective responsibility of ensuring that people have lesser, and easily manageable number of children would be ideal for quality life (Hasian 1996, p. 68). For such reasons, inmates with a big number of children should face similar procedures to ensure children are offered the best quality of life. The North American region, particularly the US, has for many years been characterized with forced sterilization. Cases of a continued eugenic genocide in the contemporary America are not a surprise to the majority of people living in the US and abroad. In the modern day society cases of eugenic ideologies, only lack the brutality the Nazis exercised in Germany, before the Second World War. Although today’s societies lack the brutal elements experienced in the early 20th century, there is a war against the weak, which is operated at milder conditions. Horrors of racial hygiene and cases of forced sterilization of inmates, the mentally ill and the poor, have been common in the state of California for decades. In other states, this practice was legal until in the 1970s (Mazumdar 1992, p. 81). Throughout the US, most states made this practice illegal and did not eliminate it. The view of children as a gift from God was no longer applicable in these scenarios. California was the first state in the US to prohibit the sterilization of individuals viewed as weak in the society. Similar to prisons in other parts of the US, the practice, was not eliminated and inmates perceived to be weak were sterilized. Various groups from different parts of the world have been protesting sterilizing of weak communities in today’s societies, all in vain (Hasian 1996, p. 68). This is because most practices taking place across different prisons in the US are not timely detected and most of the inmates falling victims do not disclose their ordeal. In the 21st century, social progressives view eugenics as an ideal tool for both social improvement and reform. Conservatives view eugenics as a tool that has for long been used to limit groups of lower income and reduce their caring cost. There are various ideologies overlapping these political agendas. For example, in the Great Britain and Scandinavian movements of eugenics, the aspect of race played a relatively minor role. This is simply because the majority of people living in this region belong to similar racial groups (Bauman 2013, p. 44). In the North American region, the Anglo Saxons were the majority group and viewed the other groups from either southern Europe or Africa with great suspicion and occasionally blamed them for various social problems like crime, poverty and prostitution. The world may have forgotten the famous steps of Hitler in his dream of creating a super race, but similar practices are still in the contemporary world societies. Cases of eugenic practices in the modern societies are relatively mild, unlike eugenic procedures in the early 20th century, which were commonly brutal (Hasian 1996, p. 68). In today’s society, eugenic practices are considered as important as they were in the past. The recent cases of sterilization of prisoners in the US are good examples of eugenics practices in modern societies. Eugenic of the modern day society are secretly evident unlike in the twentieth century, when social policies widely embraced elements of eugenics to groups that were considered as weak or unfit (Bauman 2013, p. 44). Although major cases of eugenic practice are commonly reported in the United States, most of these incidences happen on extremely discreet occasions. If you need a custom essay written from scratch by professional writers you can get professional writing help from .

A Google Executive Shares Her Best Advice for Young People

A Google Executive Shares Her Best Advice for Young People Ivy Ross is a tech executive heading up Google’s top-secret wearables division, but she didn’t follow what you might consider a traditional path to get there. She’s been a jewelry designer, with her work appearing in some of the world’s best museums, and she has worked at multiple companies- including both Mattel and Gap Inc.  When she gave a recent Commencement Address at FIT (the Fashion Institute of Technology), Ross explained how it was because of and not in spite of her unorthodox career path that she gained the success and fulfillment she currently enjoys.Here is her best advice for young people  just starting out.Ignore Your EgoAfter Ross’s jewelry designs hit their 12th  major museum and she’d won the De Beers Diamonds International Award, Ross realized her heart just wasn’t in it like it used to be. She’d worked so hard to achieve the kind of recognition she was receiving, but now that she’d attained the hi ghest heights- accomplishments any designer would spend an entire lifetime working towards- she had nowhere else to push herself.Having her ego’s biggest desires met helped Ross to let go of those desires to try and see what other desires lay beneath them. And she found she gained a lot more satisfaction turning her talents to team work and the joy of creating things collaboratively with others.Stop Planning Too Far OutPlans are always necessary in some form or another. But the ubiquitous 5-year plan that everyone insists upon? Ross says ditch it. Could she possibly have predicted 5 years ago, for example, that she’d be spearheading a secret Google project? Of course not. Would she have been too restricted to try had she laid out a stringent 5-year plan in another field? Probably not- and that’s her point.Ross thinks 5-year plans are the way of the past, particularly given the rapid pace at which industries and technologies are changing and how often new opportu nities present themselves. Staying open to different possibilities is difficult, but doing so can shape the most rewarding careers.Appreciate the  Here and NowRoss maintains that following the â€Å"ideal career path† won’t necessarily get you where you want to go. Don’t  take jobs with the question, â€Å"Where will this get me?† in mind. Try asking instead, â€Å"What can I learn here?† or â€Å"Can I do what I do best in this environment?†Take your eye off the end game and ignore the destination. Figure out who you are an what you’re good at, and just follow your heart.

LEGAL QUESTIONS MUST BE GRAMMER CORRECT AND ON TIME Essay

LEGAL QUESTIONS MUST BE GRAMMER CORRECT AND ON TIME - Essay Example Kathy's participation would be considered in terms of the fact that other messages. Other than the email # 6 can be deemed as Kathy's message and not Bill's. But for this Bill would have to be coward enough to turn his back on Kathy and say that she accessed his Email account without permission. So in this case Bill is responsible for correspondence #6 in evidence. By law, now, they held Walt. But the case description does not specify any warrants being shown to Waltz. One thing being clear. Walt was hacking Jim's system for his personal and Bill's personal advantage and their firm's advantage. Answer) Walt can plead for the motion of cause, only in the following cases: if Walt is able to prove that has committed a minor crime or a crime that has not caused sever damage or loss to the concerned party. Legally, if he has caused damage and loss to the concerned party, he cannot be granted the Motion of Cause. Because as the motion of cause suggests that the evidence found during the search, it would not be allowed to be presented as evidence in court. 3) The CPIF stands for Cost plus incentive fee contract. Megacorp and Mesoco. in other words John and Jim and both their firms had a contract , as this contract was a CPIF contract , by law , Mesoco will have to pay the Amount as ruled by the court because of the implication that CPIF had on their contract . Legally it was not John or his firms' responsibility to know how Jim will complete the project. It was Jims Responsibility. As the CPIF indicates the cost of the project plus some bonus if all is successful. 4) Barbara was at fault initially, she did decide in hastiness, or what one might presume is that, now that she knew she had settled for a lesser amount, she thought this was a good way out. Other than that if we observe the other facts. Which are that she was not qualified enough to handle the project wholly. So she was honest enough to let Bill and Kathy know that she would not continue, if she would she would need an extension on the deadline as well as the assistance of two other people who would be able to do the job for her. For some extra cost. That extra cost was also specified in the mail correspondence. Furthermore, other than this if that wouldn't or couldn't be the case she herself volunteered to back out, and just be paid for the work she had done up till then. The contract she made with Microdev was true and very much there. They can hold her in court against making them suffer when they were half way through the project. Just because she was not careful enough to read all the specifications clearly does not let her buy herself out of the situation. Legally, also Bill and his firm can take her to court and possibly win, if they can prove their point. 5) Nanotechnocrats owe money to Microdev. It is quite sensible. But legally,

Can it Explain why the United States has Higher Crime Rates Than Other Essay

Can it Explain why the United States has Higher Crime Rates Than Other Countries - Essay Example In criminology, the Social Bonding Theory (which was earlier known as the Social Control Theory) proposes that exploiting the process socialization and social learning builds self-control and reduces the inclination to indulge in such behavior that is considered and recognized as antisocial. The Social Bond Theory proposes that "people's relationships, commitments, values, norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law." ("Wikipedia", 2006). The Social Bond Theory has evolved dramatically throughout the years, not only with its titled name, but through the separately distinguished proposals of different persons, and also by the way it has been accepted and understood by not only criminologists themselves, but also the world in general. The evolution of this theory is of particular importance, and the originality of it must be recognized and understood just as much as the modern day from of the theory. The Social Bond Theory is a topic of great discussion and even greater importance, in that its assistance and propositions in regards to criminology have aided the field in many ways. There are several different forms of the theory itself, which have been proposed by several persons over the years, and yet each theory's basis remains the same - to understand the ways in which it is possible to reduce the likelihood of criminality developing in individuals, which is, of course, a dramatically new stance in criminology altogether. The purpose of this paper is to review and understand the different perspectives and proposals which have been taken on the Social Bond Theory, the importance of the theory itself, and to thoroughly discuss each of the assumptions, propositions, empirical findings, and other primary key elements of the Social Bond Theory. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Literature Review: Out of the many different assumptions taken on the Social Bond Theory, there are six which are especially prominent. These six persons consist of (in chronological order): Albert J. Reiss, Jackson Toby, F. Ivan Nye, Walter Reckless, David Matza, and Travis Hirschi. The earliest form of the theory was proposed by Albert J. Reiss, who proposed that delinquency was "behavior consequent to the failure of personal and social controls." (Reiss, 1951: 196). Reiss believed that the failure to internalize socially accepted and prescribed norms of behavior, as well as the lack of social rules that prescribe behavior in the family, the school, and other important social groups; are all also evidently important in the proposal of the Social Bond Theory. Reiss also proposed that the main factor was that personal control problems stemmed from a juvenile's inability to refrain from meeting their needs in a psychiatric sense. Reiss' theory launched a series of studies into insulation and vulnerability factors affecting delinquency. Jackson Toby was another early theorist with his own separate take on the Social Bond Theory. He was the first to introduce the concept of 'stakes in conformity', which in the simplest terms dealt with how much a person has to lose when he or she breaks the law. Toby (1957)

The Lord of the Flies: How The Conch Is Used To Highlight Ideas In the

Generally speaking, the conch has represented democracy and collectiveness throughout the novel. Golding uses the conch to highlight many different ideas in the book by setting the story on an island, which is a microcosm of the entire world and the world that the boys lived in before encountering the fateful crash of the plane. The group of boys encounter problems which, even on this island, they are unable to escape from. It is important to remember that at the same time, there is a nuclear war taking place. The ‘long scar’ that ‘smashed into the jungle’ implies that the island has already been ruined permanently. It seems as though the attempt to remove the boys from a war-filled world has failed because the island is already contaminated by the crash of the plane, which was shot down by an enemy plane, this is somewhat related to warfare. The boys now need to survive on the island and this causes problems revolving around social order, as t here are no adults present. In that case, some of the problems are attempted to be resolved by using the conch. Soon after Ralph discovers the conch, it becomes a symbol of unity and collectivity, because it is used to gather any survivors for an assembly. The assembly itself at the beginning of the novel shows that the children still have the civil codes and rules of society engraved within them. This means that the boys were at that time, behaving within the acceptable boundaries of society. However, the fact that they are still boys imply that the civil codes have not yet been fully engraved and developed inside them. During the first assembly, ‘it seems to [Ralph] that [they] ought to have a chief to decide things.’ Even though this is a sensible idea, there is st... ...We begin to notice this when Ralph himself, begins realizing that Jack is using more power than he should by arranging a hunting party and abandoning the fire which could have gained the attention of a passing ship to rescue them. Consequently, Ralph decides to hold a ‘meeting’ that ‘must not be fun, but business.’ Another important message is that sometimes one loses the ability to control the evil within them. This is evident during the time when the group of boys ‘were all jabbing at Robert’ who was imitating the sow. At first, this is taken light-heartedly, but as the ‘game’ proceeds, Ralph feels that ‘the desire to squeeze and hurt is over-mastering’ and Robert starts to squeal in ‘real pain,’ ‘’Ow! Stop it! You’re hurting.’’ In a way, this illustrates great corruption in society as Ralph, who is the chief, has the craving of hurting people.

The Taste of Watermelon

The story was written by Borden Deal, who died in 1985. He was an American novelist and writer of short stories. The story was set in the United States of America in a small village of the countryside. The main characters in the short story were, Freddy Grey and J. D. who are the narrators friends, Mr. Wills who is the father of the beautiful girl, and of course the beautiful girl – Willadean. The narrator has known his guy friends, Freddy Grey and J. D. for years since he moved to this place and started going to school. Willadean is this girl that the narrator is interested in, she is tall and slender. Mr. Wills who is Willadean’s father who everybody was afraid of. He has bright, fierce eyes under heavy eyebrows. The story is about this boy (the narrator) who moved to this certain place and started going to school, was never interested into girls, but he did have an eye on this girl called Willadean. Last year she was nothing compared to who she is now. The narrator mentions how her walk started to turn him on, and how beautiful she really was. But he was afraid to get close to her, cause of her father Mr. Wills who would shake anybody’s soul inside them, with his yelling and always being angry. He had been growing this specific watermelon for a really long time but the narrator decides to steal it at night, most probably to get closer to Willadean, to show that he is not afraid of Mr. Wills where as he really is. He brings his friends Freddy Gray and J. D. with him for support and to help him out, the boys tell him not to do this terrible thing, but unfortunately, he does it. In the end Mr. Wills gets sad after finding out that his watermelon has been kidnapped and bursts out into tears. The narrator does not get closer to Willadean unfortunately and doesn’t even try anymore. The style of the story is written in 3rd person. It uses a lot of hyperbole sentences to make it sound and look more dramatic has really warm atmosphere which really gives the love atmosphere away, which explains a lot of details in certain paragraphs of the story ‘The taste of watermelon’. Maybe the narrator would be able to add some alliteration to make it seem more dramatic. And I would add some more details about the characters to get a much better idea of the characters and be able to picture the characters in your head, to make it seem much easier to you. I enjoyed reading this story. I found it interesting because of the theme of the story, which is basically – love. Because this boy (the narrator) is in love with this girl Willadean and to get closer to her, he decides to steal her father’s watermelon which he had been growing for a really long time. As well as making him extremely mad for once to see the father’s reaction. In the end, the father burst into tears and was very sad for losing his ‘baby’ watermelon; he loved his watermelon so much that Willadean thought he loved the watermelon more than his own daughter. It just really interested me. The Taste of Watermelon Taste of Watermelon is written by Borden Deal. Taste of Watermelon is written in the year of 1979. It is a short story. He is an American author who is dead! He has been dead 25 years. The Taste of Watermelon is set in the country side where a bunch of farmers live. It is set in the states because of the language used. For example ‘golly’ and ‘gosh’. It is set in around the 1970s, the time it was written in. There are 4 main characters I would say. There is Mr. Will who is an old man who is a farmer and every night he guards his huge watermelon with a gun. Then there is a boy who steals the watermelon and eats it up with his friends. He then after he steals it feels really bad and collects the seeds from the floor and gives them to Mr. Wills The story is basically about a boy who steals the watermelon from Mr. Wills and together with his friends; Freddy, Gary, and J. D. , they eat as much as they can of the watermelon and destroy whatever is left. The boy goes home and watches Mr. Wills as he realizes that his watermelon has been stolen. He freaks out and starts destroying all the other watermelons and the boy after a night of not sleeping together with his dad collects all the seeds he could find and gives them to Mr. Wills to plant a field of watermelons for the following year. Mr. wills accepts his apology and is pleased to hear that the boy would love to help Mr. Wills in planting all these seeds. Mr. Wills is happy ?. The author uses 1st person. I personally prefer reading stories written in first person so I as the reader can make a character. When a story is written in first person it is usually more emotional and personal. The language used in this story is pleasant. It is not to formal or informal. The dialogue is funny as it is written in Old American Farmer Language like when they use ‘golly’ and ‘gosh’ I find it very amusing. There isn’t too much description in this story which I absolutely hate so ? I think the main point of this story is to entertain. Yes there is a morale behind everything like in this case it is basically don’t steal and if you do have the courage and decency to own up. But still it seems to me as if the idea of this story is that the writer wanted to write a story that would interest people and they would enjoy reading it. I don’t think that he wanted to send a message across to his readers. It was a great story and I really enjoyed it. It was a bit on the longish side but still enjoyable. The idea was original and really interesting to read. There was a good amount of suspense in this story and it was balanced out between boring bits and funny of interesting bits. As I said before the description wasn’t over done which I can’t stand so on a whole it deserves a ?

Example of profit growth in a UK retailer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2035 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Title: Corporate Finance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Topps Tiles 1. Topps Tiles is one of the leading UK retailer and distributor of ceramic tiles, wooden flooring and related products. It is a FTSE 250 index company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example of profit growth in a UK retailer" essay for you Create order Topps Tiles is a highly cash generative company with rapidly increasing earnings per share. Over the last five years, its earnings per share have increased from 2.6 p to 11.3 p à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" annualised growth of 44% (See exhibit 1 for earning per share and dividend history). Its cash inflows have also increased substantially. In the year ended 2 Oct 2004, Topps Tiles had cash inflows of  £13.3m before financing, a significant growth in cash inflows over the corresponding figure of  £10.3m for 69 weeks ended 27 Sep 2003. The cash balance at 2 Oct 2004 was  £29.6m as compared to  £18.6m on 27 Sep 2003, a 50% increase in one year. The company has long term interest bearing debt of  £6.5m only, which means it has negative net debt of - £23.1m. The cash balances are so high that the interest received at  £0.93m is more than twice of interest paid at  £0.4m. While the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profits and cash are rising, it is finding tough to employ them at new projects. The increase in cash balance is even after  £8m on capital expenditure. Faced with a rising profits and lesser options to employ cash, the management of Topps Tiles has decided to distribute increasing amounts of cash to shareholders in terms of higher dividends. Exhibit 1 shows the growth in profit after tax, which is in line with growth in earning per share. This shows that earning per share and dividend per share growth is not because of reduction in number of shares. Exhibit 1 also shows dividend cover over the five year period. The dividend cover has decreased from 3.05 in 2000 to 1.41 in 2004. This shows not only that the management wants to return excess cash to investors in terms of higher dividends but also that it is confident of generating enough profits and cash in future to meet high dividends. The company mentioned in its 2004 Annual Report that the Board is committed to maintaining progressive dividend p olicy (Topps Tiles, pg. 3). One of the ways of measuring success of dividend policy would be to analyse abnormal share price movement in two days following dividend announcement. Increase in share price in line with increase in dividend is probably the indicator that the dividend policy is successful. Also higher current dividend may signal greater expected earnings (Dickens, Casey Newman, 2003). Topps Tiles announced its last dividend on 30 Nov 2004. Exhibit 2 shows the percent change in Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢share price, General Retailer Index and FTSE All Share Index over the two day period surrounding 30 Nov 2004. It is better to compare Topps performance with the General Retailer sector than overall market. The two day change in Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ share price was 16.3% as compared to 0.5% change in General Retailer index and -0.2% change in FTSE ALL Share Index. Hence the abnormal movement in Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ share price with respect to Gen eral Retailer Index was 15.8% in the period surrounding dividend announcement. This significantly high upward movement proves that Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ dividend policy is successful and investors have now more faith in managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to maintain and increase high dividends. 2. One of the ways of measuring success of dividend policy would be to analyse the change in share price with respect to change in industry sector index. Managers should compare the percent change in Topps Tiles share price with index over the medium term. In established and mature companies, increase in dividend increases share price. If the percent change in Topps Tiles share price is statistically higher than the percent change in sector index price, then the management has done well to convey the message to shareholders and market in general through dividend policy. Also managers should compare Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ abnormal share price movement near dividend a nnouncement date with abnormal share price movements near dividend announcement dates of some of its peer group companies. If abnormal percentage increase in price in two days following the dividend announcement is more than the corresponding movement in peer companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ share price, then Topps Tiles dividend policy is successful. Managers could also look at change in profile of shareholders over time to analyse the impact of dividend policy. There are many institutional funds that invest in dividend yielding stocks only. If the ownership has changed in favour of income and dividend favouring financial institutions, then increase in dividend policy is successful. Another indicator of successful policy would be adoption of similar dividend policy by per group. Companies are many times forced to adopt better dividend policies of their peer companies because of market expectations. If after Topps Tiles adoption of higher dividend payout policy, other companies hav e also adopted similar dividend policy over time then Topps Tiles dividend policy is successful. 3. According to Dividend Growth Model, a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s share price is the present value of its future dividends. The mathematical representation of the above statement is Share price = D1 / (r-g) (I) Where, D1 = expected dividend next period r = return on equity g = dividend growth rate (in perpetuity) D1 = Dividend in current period (D) * (1+g) In case of Topps Tiles, the company announced a dividend of 8.0 pence (D) for the year ended 27 Sep 2004. The one year growth rate of dividend was 130%. The expected return on equity, r = 10% Using equation I and assuming that current one-year growth in dividend is maintained till perpetuity, we get Expected share price = 8*(1+130%) / (10% 130%) Since the growth in dividend is more than the return on equity, the denominator is a negative number and the above equation is not valid in this case. As the growth of earnings is more than the increase in discounting factor, the Dividend Growth Model would give an infinite share price. The annualised dividend growth over the five year period is 74.5%. Since this is also more than the expected rate of equity, the Dividend Growth Model would again fail to give a proper share price. The share price on 7th April 2005 is 184.5 p (Source: https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=TPT.L). Since this a finite number, if we use Dividend Growth Model then the market is assuming that over longer run Topps Tiles would not be able to sustain such high dividend growth rates and its growth rate would be lower than the expected return on equity. If we now reverse calculate the expected dividend growth rate for a share price of 184.5 p, we get 184.5 = 8*(1+g1)/(0.1- g1) g1 = market expected dividend growth rate = 5.4% Market expects Topps Tiles to grow slightly above average economy growth rate over perpetuity and this is logical as no com pany can ever grow more than average economy growth rate. Moreover in the longer term of 10-15 years, Topps Tiles growth is linked to growth in housing market. Housing market growth over longer term will match growth in economy and population. 4. UK has enjoyed one of the best economic conditions among OECD countries in the recent times. Its economy is strong with increase in companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ earnings. Employment is at high levels and salaries have also started to increase. Inflation rate is also around 2 % only. Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ market is very much related to the housing market in UK. UK has also enjoyed lower interest rates in 2002 and 2003, allowing more people to take higher mortgages. Lower mortgage costs have created more demand for houses. House prices have witnessed double digit growth rate each year in the last few years and thus created a further demand to refurbish houses. Topps Tiles products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ceramic tiles and wooden floorings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" are widely used in house construction and refurbishment. Many house owners have used cash release, due to remortgaging, for house refurbishment. So it can be safely assumed that stable and strong economy with rising house prices have helped Topps Tiles perform excellently. Its cash inflows have increased significantly over the years. The company is confident of maintaining strong demand for its products and its ability to generate high profits. Topps Tiles have decided to reward its shareholders with increasing dividends. In absence of suitable number of investments and ever increasing cash inflows, it has not only increased dividends in line with increase in growth but also at a rate higher than growth in earnings. 5. A listed firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ownership can be broadly categorised into the following categories: High inside ownership. High inside ownership of directors and management should reduce agency problem (Jensen Meckling, 1976). Management uses dividends to reduce agency costs. So when insiders have large stakes, there is very less or no agency costs and hence less need for dividends. Also inside owners can take compensation in other ways which will not result in similar compensation to other shareholders. Dickens, Casey and Newman (2003) found out that inside ownership has negative relationship to dividend yield. Low inside ownership but concentrated outside ownership. Managers in this case may be pressured to act in line with large shareholders so as to safeguard their own jobs. Stagecoach plc is a listed company. Though it is managed by a management with not substantial shareholding, its Chairman has a large stake in the company. Last year the company paid a large special dividend. This allowed Chairman to earn a significant income without having to reduce his stake holding through share selling. Low inside ownership with diverse outside ownership. In the above two scenarios, management is more in contact with major owners and there are less agency costs. Due to diverse ownership in this case, it is very difficult for managers to communicate properly with majority of shareholders. So they use dividends as a device to signalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s firm value. Intrinsic model hold that a share price is the present value of its future dividends and so increase or decrease in dividend should result in increase or decrease in market value respectively. So in this case, the managers have more incentives to increase dividends. 6. Investors look at signals to reduce information gap between management and themselves. They look for indicators about business performance and management uses dividend declaration to reduce information gap between them and investors. One of the best ways to remove agency problem is through the dividend policy. Stated dividend policy and dividend declarations help management to communicate its assessment of future business potential. Dividend payments allow investors to judge the thoughts of the management. The investors know that a firm which reports good earnings and pays a regular dividend is confirming in action what it has reported in accounting profits. Due to recent corporate scandals, investors value the information content of dividends more than the reported earnings. Also a consistent dividend policy is better than looking at one dividend alone. Managers can manipulate earnings and pay high dividend in short term. But if the company is facing serious troubles, they canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t continue doing so as the firm will face serious cash flow problems. A company which has regularly increased dividends commands more investor faith. Also by increasing dividends, managements send the signal that they feel comfortable about future earnings. If a management is not sure about potential earnings, it would not increase dividend because it may not be able to meet its dividend commitment going forward. Exhibit 1: Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ profit after tax, earning per share and dividend growth over the last five years. 53 weeks ended 3 June 2000 52 weeks ended 2 June 2001 52 weeks ended 1 June 2002 Profroma 52 weeks ended 27 Sep 2003 53 weeks ended 2 Oct 2004 Five Year Compounded Annual growth Psot tax profit,  £m 5.53 6.55 8.04 13.12 25.65 Change, % 18.4% 22.7% 63.2% 95.5% 46.8% Basic earning per share, p 2.62 2.96 3.58 5.82 11.30 Change, % 13.0% 20.9% 62.6% 94.2% 44.1% Dividend per share, p 0.86 1.00 1.43 3.48 8.00 Change, % 16.3% 43.0% 143.4% 129.9% 74.6% Dividend cover 3.05 2.96 2.50 1.67 1.41 Source: Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Annual Reports for 2004, 2002 2001 (https://www.toppstiles.co.uk/3/frame-0financial.html) Exhibit 2: Topps Tilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ share price, General Retailer Index and FTSE All Share Index Date Topps Tiles share price, p Two day % change General Retailer index Two day % change FTSE All Share Index Two day % change 29-Nov-04 209.82 2121.0 2365.33 30-Nov-04 214.11 2108.6 2345.21 01-Dec-04 244.10 16.3% 2131.8 0.5% 2359.47 -0.2% Source: www.uk.finance.yahoo.com Bibliography and references Dickens, R.N., Casey, K.M. and Newman, J.A.; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bank dividend policy: Explanatory factorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, Lincoln: Winter 2003, Vol. 41, Iss 1/2 Jensen, M.C., and Meckling, W.H., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Theory of the firm: managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Journal of Financial Economics, October 1976. Topps Tiles, 2004 Annual Report (https://www.toppstiles.co.uk/3/frame-0financial.html)